All WCAG criteria
WCAG 2.4.5 · OperableLevel AA

2.4.5Multiple Ways

More than one way must be available to locate a page within a set of pages (e.g. navigation + search + sitemap).

Common failures

Patterns that fail this criterion.

  • 01Site with only top-nav, no search, no sitemap, no breadcrumbs
How to test

Testing approach: manual.

Manual — confirm at least 2 of: navigation menu, search, sitemap, breadcrumbs, related-links section.

How to fix

Remediation steps.

  1. 1

    Add a sitemap.xml + HTML sitemap page

    XML for crawlers, HTML for humans.

  2. 2

    Add site search

    Even a basic prefix-search over your content helps.

  3. 3

    Breadcrumbs

    For sites with hierarchy.

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All 50 WCAG 2.1 Level A + AA success criteria explained.

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